Kwalaben gilashikuma tuluna kwantena ne da aka yi da gilashi, galibi ana amfani da su don adanawa da jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban. Dangane da amfani da siffofi daban-daban, ana iya rarraba kwalaben gilashi zuwa nau'ikan iri daban-daban:
- Kwalaben gilashi na yau da kullun: nau'in kwalbar gilashi da aka fi amfani da shi, galibi ana amfani da shi don adana abinci, abubuwan sha, magunguna, da sauran abubuwa.
- Kwalaben gilashi masu zafi: bayan magani na musamman, ƙarfinsu dajuriyar tasiriana iya inganta shi, sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don adana abubuwa masu rauni ko kuma a cikin yanayi masu haɗarin karyewar gilashi.
- Kwalaben gilashin injin: sanye take dazoben hatimida na'urori masu fitar da iska a bakin kwalba, suna iya kiyaye yanayin iska a ciki, galibi ana amfani da su don adana abubuwan da ke iya haifar da iskar shaka ko lalacewa.
- Kwalaben gilashi masu murfi a ciki: an haɗa murfin da jikin kwalbar, galibi ana amfani da su don kayan marufi waɗanda ke buƙatar marufi mai rufewa, kamar magunguna.
- Kwalaben gilashin ado: yawanci ana amfani da su don ado,shirye-shiryen fure, da sauran dalilai, tare da siffofi da launuka daban-daban waɗanda za a iya keɓance su kamar yadda ake buƙata.
- Sauran kwalaben gilashi na musamman: kamar kwalaben sinadarai masu sinadaran sinadarai,kwalaben mai masu mahimmanci, kwalaben turare, da sauransu, waɗanda aka tsara kuma aka ƙera bisa ga halaye da amfanin abubuwa daban-daban.
- Daga cikinsu, ana iya ƙara rarraba kwalaben gilashi na yau da kullun ta hanyar launi, kamar launin ruwan kasa don jan giya, shuɗi don giya, kore mai duhu don man zaitun, da sauransu.
Kasar Sin ta riga ta yi amfani da bututun busawa don yin kwantena na gilashi masu ramuka a lokacin Tang daDaular waƙa.
Ana amfani da kwalaben gilashi sosai a fannin marufi na abubuwan sha, abubuwan sha na giya, kayayyakin sinadarai, magunguna, kayan ilimi, da kayan kwalliya. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kayan marufi, kwalaben gilashi suna da fa'idodi kamar bayyananne, tsaftacewa mai sauƙi, kwanciyar hankali mai yawa na sinadarai, rashin gurɓata abubuwan da ke ciki, iska mai kyau, kyakkyawan aikin ajiya, siffofi da kayan ado daban-daban, da sake amfani da su. Duk da haka, rashin amfanin kwalaben gilashi shine raunin su da nauyinsu mai yawa. Duk da haka, tare da ci gaba da inganta fasahar masana'antu, ana magance waɗannan rashin amfanin a hankali.
Asalin masana'antar gilashin zamani za a iya gano shi tun daga shekarar 1904 zuwa 1908. Masana'antar Gilashin Shanghai Jinghua, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1931, ita ce masana'antar farko a kasar Sin da ta ci gaba da kera kwalaben gilashi da kwalba ta amfani da murhun waha mai kama da wuta da kuma injinan yin kwalba ta atomatik. A shekarun 1950, kasar Sin ta gina manyan masana'antun yin kwalba na zamani da dama. A shekarun 1980, babban ci gaba a samar da kwalban gilashi shi ne rage nauyin kwalaben gilashi, wanda ya ceci kayan aiki, mai, karuwar saurin samarwa, da kuma rage farashin sufuri. Zuwa shekarun 2010, masana'antunmu sun tara shekaru da dama na gogewa a fannin samarwa, ingantawa da kuma inganta kayan aiki, kuma kwalaben gilashinmu ba su da karafa masu nauyi kamar gubar da mercury. Tare da inganta dukkan masana'antar,halayen lafiyaan kuma nuna kwalaben gilashi, kuma kayayyakinmu sun shiga cikin jerin kayayyakin da aka keɓe. A lokaci guda,masana'antarmuci gaba da ingantawa da haɓakadabarar kayan aikina kwalaben gilashi bisa ga gogewa, suna sa kwalaben gilashinmu su zama masu haske kuma ba tare da wani datti a launi ba. Bayan wucewa ta cikin na'urar sanyaya da sanyaya ta mita 500, kwalaben gilashin suna yin sanyi ta halitta, suna mai da su ƙarfi, masu dorewa, kuma masu aminci fiye da kwalaben gilashi iri ɗaya. Ga kayayyakinmu, mun fara amfani da hanyar rarraba kayan masarufi, wanda ya kebanta a masana'antar. Muna amfani da kayan masarufi daban-daban don kwalaben gilashi daban-daban, amfani daban-daban, da siffofi daban-daban, wanda ke sa kayayyakin da ke jure matsin lamba kamar kwalaben shampagne, kwalaben giya, da kwalaben abin sha su zama masu jure matsin lamba, kayayyaki masu inganci kamar kwalaben giya da kwalaben turare su zama masu haske da kyau a cikin kamanni, kofunan ruwa da sauran kayayyaki sun fi dacewa da susaurin canjin zafin jiki, da kuma kwalaben pickle masu rahusa waɗanda suka fi araha, wanda ke rage farashin amfani. Manufarmu ita ce ƙera kayayyaki mafi kyau a farashi mai rahusa ta amfani da hanyoyi mafi kyau.
Sinadarin sinadarai na kwalaben gilashi da kwalba na iya bambanta dangane da buƙatun amfani,hanyoyin ƙera,gudun gyare-gyare,halayen tsari, da nau'ikan kayan masarufi. Yawancin kwalabe da kwalba an yi su ne da gilashin soda-lime-silica. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin gilashin soda-lime-silica sune SiO2, Na2O, da CaO. Ƙara adadin Al2O3 da MgO mai dacewa zai iya rage yanayin gilashin don yin lu'ulu'u, haɓaka daidaiton sinadarai da kumaƙarfin injinana gilashi, da kuma inganta sauƙin mold na gilashi. Sinadarin sinadarai na kwalaben gilashin soda-lime da kwalba a yawancin ƙasashe a duniya shine SiO2 70-74%, CaO da MgO 10-14%, Na2O da K2O 13-16%, da Al2O3 1.5-2.5%. Lokacin ƙera kwalaben gilashi marasa launi, abun ciki na Fe2O3 a cikinyashi mai siffar ma'adiniyana da ƙasa sosai (galibi kusan 0.03%). Ƙara Cr2O3 da Fe2O3 zai sa gilashin soda-lime na yau da kullun ya yi kama da kore, yayin da ƙara sulfur-carbon ko MnO2 da Fe2O3 zai sa gilashin ya yi launin ruwan kasa. Ana amfani da gilashin Borosilicate sau da yawa don yin kwalabe da kwalba don magunguna saboda yawan daidaiton sinadarai. Ana yin kwalaben kwalliya masu inganci da gilashi mai ɗauke da gubar, barium, ko zinc, yayin da wasu aka yi su da gilashin madara ta amfani da fluoride a matsayin abubuwan da ke hana ruwa shiga.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-06-2023